Blog

My Writings

Hey there! Besides programming, this is the other thing I actually enjoy doing. Here I write about backend engineering, distributed systems, DevOps, and cloud native systems, mostly the real problems I run into while building and operating production systems, and what I learn fixing them.

Computer Networking

Tail Latency and Why p99 Matters More Than Averages

Learn what tail latency is, how p50, p95 and p99 are calculated, why averages hide performance problems, and why modern distributed systems optimize for the slowest requests instead of the average.

Computer NetworkingDistributed SystemsBackendPerformance EngineeringSystem Design

0 min read

Kubernetes

Why Kubernetes Needs etcd: The Database Behind the Control Plane (Part-I)

Most engineers know Kubernetes uses etcd. Fewer understand why it needs it. This article explores the state-management problem etcd solves and why the control plane depends on it.

KubernetesetcdDistributed SystemsControl PlaneBackend EngineeringKubernetes Internals

21 min read

Distributed Systems

Raft timeouts in practice

What changed in my understanding of Raft after implementing leader election loops instead of only reading the paper.

Distributed SystemsRaftConsensus

1 min read

Databases

Compaction without surprises

A short note on why storage-engine maintenance matters to application behavior long before users know the term LSM tree.

DatabasesStorage EnginesPerformance

1 min read

Kubernetes

Reconciliation loops that do not fight operators

Notes on building Kubernetes control loops that converge reliably while still leaving humans room to understand and intervene.

KubernetesOperatorsControl Loops

1 min read